@techreport{JRC127780,
	number = {KJ-NA-30960-EN-N (online),KJ-NA-30960-EN-C (print)},
	address = {Luxembourg (Luxembourg)},
	issn = {1831-9424 (online),1018-5593 (print)},
	year = {2022},
	author = {Zuang V and Dura A and Ahs Lopez E and Barroso J and Batista Leite S and Berggren E and Bopp S and Campia I and Carpi D and Casati S and Coecke S and Corvi R and Deceuninck P and Franco A and Gribaldo L and Holloway M and Langezaal I and Madia F and Munn S and Paini A and Piergiovanni M and Pistollato F and Price A and Prieto Peraita MDP and Sund J and Wittwehr C and Worth A and Whelan M},
	isbn = {978-92-76-46511-9 (online),978-92-76-46510-2 (print)},
	publisher = {Publications Office of the European Union},
	abstract = {The 2021 EURL ECVAM status report describes research, development and validation activities, as well as initiatives that promote the uptake and use of non-animal methods and approaches in science and regulation.
		The principle of the Three Rs, i.e. Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal use in basic, applied and translational research, as well as for regulatory purposes is firmly anchored in EU legislation, full replacement of animal testing being the ultimate goal.
		New Approach Methodologies including a variety of innovative technologies, such as in vitro methods using 3D tissues and cells, organ-on-chip, computational models (including AI) and ‘omics (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics) technology are developed, evaluated and integrated in assessment frameworks with a view to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of chemical and product hazard and risk assessment in a variety of regulatory contexts. Important activities to promote the development and use of non-animal approaches are also pursued in the areas of basic and applied research, where most of the animals are used, as well as for education purposes. 
		},
	title = {Non-animal Methods in Science and Regulation},
	type = {Policy assessment},
	url = {},
	doi = {10.2760/93290 (online),10.2760/654256 (print)}