@article{JRC33899,
	address = {DORDRECHT (NETHERLANDS)},
	year = {2006},
	author = {Filoso S and Dentener F},
	abstract = {The production of reactive nitrogen worldwide has more than doubled in the last century
		because of human activities and population growth. Advances in our understanding of the nitrogen
		cycle and the impacts of anthropogenic activities on regional to global scales is largely hindered by
		the paucity of information about nitrogen inputs from human activities in fast-developing regions
		of the world such as the tropics. In this paper, we estimate nitrogen inputs and outputs in Brazil,
		which is the world’s largest tropical country. We determined that the N cycle is increasingly
		controlled by human activities rather than natural processes. Nitrogen inputs to Brazil from human
		activities practically doubled from 1995 to 2002, mostly because of nitrogen production through
		biological fixation in agricultural systems. This is in contrast to industrialized countries of the
		temperate zone, where fertilizer application and atmospheric deposition are the main sources of
		anthropogenic nitrogen. In Brazil, the production of soybean crops over an area of less than
		20 million ha, was responsible for about 3.2 Tg N or close to one-third of the N inputs from
		anthropogenic sources in 2002. Moreover, cattle pastures account for almost 70% of the estimated
		280 · 106 ha of agricultural land in Brazil and potentially fix significant amounts of N when well
		managed, further increasing the importance of biological nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen budget.
		Much of these anthropogenic inputs occur in the Brazilian savannah region (Cerrado), while more
		urbanized regions such as the state of Sa˜ o Paulo also have high rates of nitrogenous fertilizer
		inputs. In the Amazon, rates of anthropogenic nitrogen inputs are relatively low, but continuing
		conversion of natural forests into cattle pasture or secondary forests potentially add a significant
		amount of new nitrogen to Brazil given the vast area of the region. Better measurements of
		biological fixation rates in Brazil are necessary for improving the nitrogen budgets, especially at a
		more refined spatial scale.
		
		
		
		
		},
	title = {Human Activities Changing the Nitrogen Cycle in Brazil},
	type = {},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/w4g505148715134k/},
	volume = {79},
	number = {1-2},
	journal = {BIOGEOCHEMISTRY},
	pages = {61-89},
	issn = {0168-2563},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-006-9003-0}