@book{JRC35553, editor = {}, address = {London (United Kingdom)}, year = {2006}, author = {Cardoso A and Solimini A and Premazzi G}, isbn = {}, abstract = {River quality in Europe has traditionally been determined using physico-chemical elements and benthic invertebrate fauna (FBA, 2000), often with classification computed by not considering background values for those elements. The classification requirements introduced by the WFD involve a considerable burden to the rivermanagement authorities that are forced to develop monitoring programs, including all biological elements/parameters and to establish the appropriate protection/ restoration measures. This chapter provides an overview of the European water legislation relevant to river quality, with emphasis on the Water Framework Directive (WFD). }, title = {Biological Monitoring of Rivers and the European Water Legislation}, url = {}, volume = {}, number = {}, journal = {}, pages = {}, issn = {}, publisher = {John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, doi = {} }