@book{JRC36769, editor = {}, address = {Luxembourg (Luxembourg)}, year = {2006}, author = {Carvalho L and Lepisto L and Rissanen J and Pietiläinen O and Rekolainen S and Torok L and Solheim AL and Saloranta T and Ptacnik R and Tartari G and Cardoso A and Premazzi G and Gunn I and Penning E and Hanganu J and Hellsten S and Ibram O and Navodaru I}, isbn = {}, abstract = {Although the impact of nutrient pressures on biological quality is relatively well understood for lakes in qualitative terms, there has been very limited development of quantitative dose-response relationships, classification tools or models. This literature review identified a number of widely-recognised strong relationships between physico-chemical measures of eutrophication and associated biological responses. These can be split into two types of relationships: (1) primary responses (phytoplankton, phytobenthos and macrophytes) to nutrient state, and (2), secondary responses to primary production or production-related decreases in transparency and oxygen. The advantages and disadvantages associated with developing these elements as indicators of eutrophication pressures are briefly summarised below. }, title = {Nutriente and Eutrophication in Lakes}, url = {}, volume = {}, number = {}, journal = {}, pages = {}, issn = {}, publisher = {European Commission}, doi = {}