@book{JRC37645,
	editor = {},
	address = {Paris (France)},
	year = {2007},
	author = {Loeschner J and Riha Z},
	isbn = {},
	abstract = {The electronic passport (ePassport) is composed of a classical passport booklet and a passive contactless smartcard, where the chip and antenna are integrated in a page or cover. The technical specifications of ePassports are standardized by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation - a part of the UN) in the Standard number 9303 (currently in its 6th edition). This document refers to many ISO standards. The communication with the ePassport is based on ISO 14443 (on the low communication level) and 7816 (on the higher communication level). The data stored in the ePassport are organised in 16 data groups (DG1-DG16) and 2-3 metafiles (EF.COM, EF.SOD, EF.CVCA).
		
		The presentation will cover the following authentication aspects related to electronic passports:
		-	ICAO Mandatory
		-	Passive authentication (authenticity of data)
		-	ICAO Optional
		-	Basic Access Control (limits remote readability)
		-	Active Authentication (authenticity of chip)
		-	European Extended Access Control
		-	Chip Authentication (authenticity of chip)
		-	Terminal Authentication (authorization to read biometric data)
		-	Holder Authentication
		-	Facial image, Fingerprint, Iris
		-	Signature
		
		Further on the presentation will give some indication on related standardization and on practical interoperability issues.
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		},
	title = {How to Achieve and Enhance Interoperability of e-passports},
	url = {},
	volume = {},
	number = {},
	journal = {},
	pages = {27-36},
	issn = {},
	publisher = {EEMA},
	doi = {}
}