@article{JRC96845,
	address = {OXFORD (ENGLAND)},
	year = {2016},
	author = {Bove MC and Brotto P and Calzolai G and Cassola F and Cavalli F and Fermo P and Hjorth J and Massabò D and Nava S and Piazzalunga A and Schembari C and Prati P},
	abstract = {A PM10 sampling campaign was carried out on board the cruise ship Costa Concordia during
		three weeks in summer 2011. The ship route was Civitavecchia-Savona-Barcelona-Palma de
		Mallorca-Malta (Valletta)-Palermo-Civitavecchia. The PM10 composition was measured and
		utilized to identify and characterize the main PM10 sources along the ship route through
		receptor modelling, making use of the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) algorithm. A
		particular attention was given to the emissions related to heavy fuel oil combustion by ships,
		which is known to be also an important source of secondary sulphate aerosol. Five aerosol
		sources were resolved by the PMF analysis. The primary contribution of ship emissions to
		PM10 turned out to be (12 ± 4)%, while secondary ammonium sulphate contributed by (35 ±
		5)%. Approximately, 60% of the total sulphate was identified as secondary aerosol while
		about 20% was attributed to heavy oil combustion in ship engines. The measured
		concentrations of methane sulphonic acid (MSA) indicated a relevant contribution to the
		observed sulphate loading by biogenic sulphate, formed by the atmospheric oxidation of
		dimethyl sulphide (DMS) emitted by marine phytoplankton.
		},
	title = {PM10 source apportionment applying PMF and chemical tracer analysis to ship-borne measurements in the Western Mediterranean},
	type = {Full paper},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231015305185},
	volume = {125},
	number = {Part A},
	journal = {ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT},
	pages = {140-151},
	issn = {1352-2310},
	publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.009}