Environmental impact food labels combining carbon, nitrogen, and water footprints

The environmental impact of the production and consumption of foods is seldom depicted to consumers. The footprint of food products provides a means for consumers to compare environmental impacts across and within product groups. In this study we apply carbon, nitrogen, and water footprints in tandem and present food labels that could help inform consumers about the environmental impacts of individual food products. The footprint factors used in this study are specific to the United States, but the concept can be applied elsewhere. We propose three methods of footprint calculations: two quantitative (footprint weight and % daily value) and one qualitative (sustainability measures). We apply the three footprint calculation methods to four example labels (stars label, stoplight label, nutrition label add-on, and a detailed comparison label) that vary in design and the amount of detail provided. The stars label is simple and easily understood but provides minimal detail about the footprints. At the other end of the spectrum, the detailed comparison label gives context in relative terms (e.g., carbon emissions for equivalent distance driven) for the food product. Implementing environmental impact food labels requires additional understanding of how consumers use footprint labels, and label suitability may vary for government organizations, retail and local grocers, and farmers.

LEACH Allison;  EMERY Kyle A;  GEPHART Jessica;  F. DAVIS Kyle;  ERISMAN J. W.;  LEIP Adrian;  PACE Michael L;  D'ODORICO Paolo;  CARR Joel;  CATTELL NOLL Laura;  CASTNER Elizabeth;  GALLOWAY James N.; 

2016-06-06

ELSEVIER SCI LTD

JRC101518

0306-9192,   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030691921630015X,    https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC101518,   

10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.03.006,