Including cold-start emissions in the Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure: An assessment of cold-start frequencies and emission effects
We document two independent analyses that were conducted to support the inclusion of cold-start emissions into the Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure: (i) a scoping review of cold-start frequencies and trip distances in Europe and (ii) a scenario analysis quantifying the effect of modifications in the RDE data pre-processing and evaluation procedures on the calculated NOx emissions during the urban part of an on-road test. We find that some 27 ± 5% of trips in Europe may contain a cold start. The driving distance between two consecutive cold starts reaches 36 ± 16 km (mean) and 30 ± 13 km (median), respectively. Our scenario analysis suggests that a simple inclusion of cold start into the normal RDE data evaluation may not capture cold-start NOx emissions in a robust manner. However, combining modifications of the RDE data pre-processing and data evaluation can capture at least part of the incremental cold-start NOx emissions. A more systematic assessment of European driving data and an expansion of the scenario analysis presented here could substantiate the preliminary findings of this report.
WEISS Martin;
PAFFUMI Elena;
CLAIROTTE Michael;
DROSSINOS Ioannis;
VLACHOS Theodoros;
BONNEL Pierre;
GIECHASKIEL Barouch;
2017-02-27
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC105595
978-92-79-62229-8,
1831-9424,
EUR 28472 EN,
OP KJ-NA-28472-EN-N,
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC105595,
10.2760/70237,
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