Main trends of immune effects triggered by nanomedicines in preclinical studies

The application of nanotechnology to emerging medicinal products is a crucial parameter for the implementation of personalised medicine. For example sophisticated drug delivery systems can target the diseased tissue by recognising patient specific biomarker while carrying pharmacologically active molecules. However, such nanomedicines can be recognised by the immune system as foreign and trigger unexpected biological reactions. The anticipation of the immunogenic potential of emerging nanotechnology based products in the preclinical phase is challenging due to high interspecies variations between the immune systems of laboratory animals and humans. A close monitoring of the scientific literature is required to better understand the relationship between various immune reactions and the diversity of nanomedicines currently in the development pipeline. We have reviewed the most frequent immune reactions induced by the nanomaterials in vivo and identified main effects triggered by lipid based, polymer based and inorganic based nanoparticles, as main categories of nanomaterials used in medicine. In addition, we extracted the most relevant nano-specific properties responsible for the observed biological effect. Our analysis lead to identification of the most prevalent endpoints relevant for the assessment of the immunotoxic potential of the nanotechnology based products and will support the smooth and safe translation of the new formulations to clinical applications.

HALAMODA KENZAOUI Blanka;  BREMER Susanne; 

2018-12-21

DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD

JRC111143

1178-2013 (online),   

https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC111143,   

10.2147/IJN.S168808 (online),