With the support of a life cycle assessment model, this study estimates the carbon footprint (CF) of smartphones and life cycle costs (LCC) for consumers in scenarios where different material efficiency strategies are implemented in Europe. Results show that a major contribution to the CF of smartphones is due to extraction and processing of materials and following manufacturing of parts: 10.7 kg CO2,eq/year, when assuming a biennial replacement cycle. Printed wiring board, display assembly, and integrated circuitsmake75% of the impacts frommaterials. TheCFis increased by assembly (+2.7 kg CO2,eq/year), distribution (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year), and recharging of the device (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year) and decreased by the end of life recycling (−0.8 kg CO2,eq/year).However, the CF of smartphones can dramatically increase when the energy consumed in communication services is counted (+26.4 kgCO2,eq/year). LCCcan vary significantly (235– 622 EUR/year). The service contract can in particular be a decisive cost factor (up to 61–85% of the LCC). It was calculated that the 1:1 displacement of new smartphones by used devices could decrease the CF by 52–79% (excluding communication services) and the LCC by 5–16%. An extension of the replacement cycle from 2 to 3 years could decrease theCF by23–30%and the LCCby 4–10%, depending on whether repair operations are required. Measures for implementing such material efficiency strategies are presented and results can help inform decision-makers about how to reduce impacts associated with smartphones.

CORDELLA Mauro;  ALFIERI Felice;  SANFELIX FORNER Javier Vicente; 

2021-04-27

WILEY

JRC124077

1088-1980 (online),   

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jiec.13119,    https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC124077,   

10.1111/jiec.13119 (online),