Clinicians, patients, policy makers, funders, programme managers, regulators, and science communities invest considerable amounts of time and energy in influencing or making decisions at various levels, using systematic reviews, health technology assessments, guideline recommendations, coverage decisions, selection of essential medicines and diagnostics, quality assurance and improvement schemes, and policy and evidence briefs. The criteria and methods that these actors use in their work differ (eg, the role economic analysis has in decision making), but these methods frequently overlap and exist together. Under the aegis of WHO, we have brought together representatives of different areas to reconcile how the evidence that influences decisions is used across multiple health system decision levels. We describe the overlap and differences in decision-making criteria between different actors in the health sector to provide bridging opportunities through a unifying broad framework that we call theory of everything. Although decision-making activities respond to system needs, processes are often poorly coordinated, both globally and on a country level. A decision made in isolation from other decisions on the same topic could cause misleading, unnecessary, or conflicted inputs to the health system and, therefore, confusion and resource waste.
SCHUNEMANN Holger;
REINAP Marge;
PIGGOTT Thomas;
LAIDMÄE Erki;
KÖHLER Kristina;
PŌLD Mariliis;
ENS Brendalyn;
IRS Alar;
AKL Elie;
CUELLO Carlos A.;
FALAVIGNA Maicon;
GIBBENS Michelle;
NEAMTIU Luciana;
PARMELLI Elena;
JAMELEDDINE Mouna;
PYKE Lisa;
VERSTEIJNEN Ilse;
ALONSO-COELLO Pablo;
TUGWELL Peter;
ZHANG Yuan;
SAZ-PARKINSON Zuleika;
KUCHENMÜLLER Tanja;
MOJA Lorenzo;
2022-05-16
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
JRC126775
2468-2667 (online),
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-266700057-3,
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC126775,
10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00057-3 (online),
