Global Carbon Budget 2022

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesise data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data-products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ.

FRIEDLINGSTEIN P;  O'SULLIVAN Michael;  JONES Matthew W.;  ANDREW Robbie;  GREGOR Luke;  HAUCK Judith;  LE QUÉRÉ Corinne;  LUIJKX Ingrid T.;  OLSEN Are;  PETERS Glen P.;  PETERS Wouter;  PONGRATZ Julia;  SCHWINGSHACKL Clemens;  SITCH Stephen;  CANADELL Josep G.;  CIAIS Philippe;  JACKSON Robert B.;  ALIN Simone R.;  ALKAMA Romain;  ARNETH Almut;  ARORA Vivek K.;  BATES Nicholas;  BECKER Meike;  BELLOUIN Nicolas;  BITTIG Henry C.;  BOPP Laurent;  CHEVALLIER F.;  CHINI Louise P.;  CRONIN Margot;  EVANS Wiley;  FALK Stefanie;  FEELY Richard A.;  GASSER Thomas;  GEHLEN Marion;  GKRITZALIS Thanos;  GLOEGE Lucas;  GRASSI Giacomo;  GRUBER N.;  GÜRSES Ö;  HARRIS Ian;  HEFNER Matthew;  HOUGHTON Richard A.;  HURTT G.;  IIDA Yosuke;  ILYINA Tatiana;  JAIN A.K.;  JERSILD Annika;  KADONO Koji;  KATO Etsushi;  KENNEDY Daniel;  KLEIN GOLDEWIJK Kees;  KNAUER Jurgen;  KORSBAKKEN Jan Ivar;  LANDSCHÜTZER Peter;  LEFÈVRE Nathalie;  LINDSAY Keith;  LIU Junjie;  LIU Zhu;  MARLAND G.;  MAYOT Nicolas;  MCGRATH Matthew J.;  METZL Nicolas;  MONACCI Natalie M.;  MUNRO David R.;  NAKAOKA Shin-Ichiro;  NIWA Y;  O'BRIEN Kevin;  ONO Tsuneo;  PALMER Paul;  PAN Naiqing;  PIERROT Denis;  POCOCK Katie;  POULTER Benjamin;  RESPLANDY Laure;  ROBERTSON Eddy;  RÖDENBECK Christian;  RODRIGUEZ Carmen;  ROSAN Thais M.;  SCHWINGER Jörg;  SÉFÉRIAN Roland;  SHUTLER Jamie D.;  SKJELVAN Ingunn;  STEINHOFF Tobias;  SUN Qing;  SUTTON Adrienne J.;  SWEENEY Colm;  TAKAO Shintaro;  TANHUA Toste;  TAN Pieter P.;  TIAN Xiangjun;  TIAN Hanqin;  TILBROOK Bronte;  TSUJINO Hiroyuki;  TUBIELLO Francesco;  VAN DER WERF Guido R.;  WALKER Anthony P.;  WANNINKHOF Rik;  WHITEHEAD Chris;  WILLSTRAND WRANNE Anna;  WRIGHT Rebecca;  YUAN Wenping;  YUE Chao;  YUE Xu;  ZAEHLE Sönke;  ZENG Jiye;  ZHENG Bo; 

2023-01-23

COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH

JRC131176

1866-3508 (online),   

https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/4811/2022/,    https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC131176,   

10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 (online),