Characterization of particle number setups for measuring brake particle emissions and comparison with exhaust setups

The stringency of vehicle exhaust emissions regulations resulted in a significant decrease in ex-haust particulate matter (PM) emissions over the years. Non-exhaust particles (i.e. from brakes and tyres) are now the most significant contributors to PM inventories in cities. Even with the internal combustion engine ban in 2035, electrified vehicles will still emit PM from brake and tyre wear. Consequently, non-exhaust PM emissions cannot decrease significantly without any regulatory measures. Because independent research carried out under different methods is not readily comparable, a Global Technical Regulation (GTR), which sets the procedures and boundaries of testing brake wear particle emissions is currently under development. This overview describes the particle number (PN) measurement setup based on the well-known exhaust emissions PN methodology. We provide the technical requirements and the expected maximum losses. In addition, we estimate the effect of particle losses on the differences between different setups for typical size distributions observed during brake testing. Finally, we compare brake testing PN specifications to those of exhaust PN.

GRIGORATOS Theodoros;  MAMAKOS Athanasios;  ARNDT Michael;  LUGOVYY Dmytro;  ANDERSON Robert;  HAFENMAYER Christian;  MOISIO Mikko;  VANHANEN Joonas;  FRAZEE Richard;  AGUDELO Carlos;  GIECHASKIEL Barouch; 

2023-01-05

MDPI

JRC132006

2073-4433 (online),   

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/1/103,    https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC132006,   

10.3390/atmos14010103 (online),