Climate variability and simultaneous breadbasket yield shocks as observed in long-term yield records

That climate variability and change can potentially force multiple simultaneous breadbasket crop yield shocks has been established. But research quantifying the mechanisms behind such simultaneous shocks has been constrained by short records of crop yields. Here we compile a dataset of subnational crop yields in 25 countries dating back to 1900 to study the frequency and trends in multiple breadbasket yield shocks and how large-scale climate anomalies on interannual timescales have affected multiple breadbasket yield shocks over the last century. We find that major simultaneous breadbasket yield shocks have occurred in at least three, four, or five of nine breadbaskets 10.3%, 2.3% and 1.1% of the time for maize and 18.4%, 4.6% and 2.3% of the time for wheat. Furthermore, we find that multiple breadbasket yield shocks decreased in frequency even as those breadbaskets experience increasingly frequent climate-related shocks. For both maize and wheat breadbaskets, there were fewer simultaneous yield shocks during the 1975–2017 time period as compared to 1931–1975. Finally, we find that interannual modes of climate variability - such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) - have all affected the relative probability of simultaneous yield shocks in pairs of breadbaskets by up to 20–40% in both maize and wheat breadbaskets.

ANDERSON Weston;  BAETHGEN Walter;  CAPITANIO Fabian;  CIAIS Philippe;  COOK B.;  DA CUNHA Cunha G.R.;  GODDARD Lisa;  SCHAUBERGER Bernhard;  SONDER Kai;  PODESTÁ Guillermo;  VAN DER VELDE Marijn;  YOU Liangzhi; 

2023-08-04

ELSEVIER

JRC133200

0168-1923 (online),   

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192323000151,    https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC133200,   

10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109321 (online),