Contrary to the prevalent assumption in the literature that TSO-DSO flexibility regions are convex, this paper demonstrates that these regions are generally non-convex. Using a simple two-node counterexample, we derive analytical expressions for the flexibility region at the TSO-DSO interface, showing that minimum voltage limits inherently induce non-convexity. This finding debunks convexity-based approaches in numerous methodologies and calls for their critical reevaluation to ensure accurate aggregation of distribution-level flexibility for transmission system operations.
POZO CAMARA David;
2025-10-30
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
JRC141448
1558-0679 (online),
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11159114,
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC141448,
10.1109/TPWRS.2025.3607878 (online),
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