Quad-frequency Wide-lane, Narrow-lane and Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena Combinations: the Beidou Case

The pseudoranges of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meta-signal can be reconstructed from the observations of its side-band components. More specifically, the Hatch–Melbourne–Wübbena (HMW) code-carrier combination is used to solve the ambiguity associated to the wide-lane carrier phase combination of the side-band components, obtaining a high-accuracy pseudorange. The HMW and the wide-lane combinations thus play a key role in constructing meta-signal measurements. The theory of GNSS meta-signals was recently extended to the case with a number of components equal to a power of two. This theory can be used to generalize HMW and wide-lane combinations to the quad-frequency case. This is carried out through a Hadamard matrix of order four, which defines a narrow-lane and three wide-lane combinations. This paper characterizes meta-signal-inspired quad-frequency HMW and wide-lane measurements combinations using Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) observations. Two professional Septentrio PolarRx5S multi-frequency, multi-constellation receivers were set up in a zero-baseline configuration and used to collect observables from all the BDS open frequencies. These measurements are used to characterize different quad-frequency HMW and wide-lane carrier combinations. Some of the combinations analyzed have large equivalent wavelengths and have the potential to enable single-epoch ambiguity resolution in scenarios where short convergence times are required.

BORIO Daniele;  SUSI Melania;  WEZKA Kinga; 

2025-04-30

MDPI

JRC141501

2079-9292 (online),   

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/9/1805,    https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC141501,   

10.3390/electronics14091805 (online),