Subsea cable networks are a critical component of the EU's electricity and telecommunication infrastructure. As much as 99% of inter-continental internet traffic relies on subsea data cables, while subsea power cables are instrumental to bring offshore renewable energy to our electricity grid. Recent incidents in the Baltic Sea have exposed the vulnerability of these networks to damage and disruption. The EU's security and economic stability depend on the resilience of these networks, making their protection a top policy priority, reflected by the recent publication of an EU Action Plan on Cable Security. This report highlights the risks and hazards associated with subsea cables and the need for action to protect them, including from accidental damage, sabotage, and natural events. A variety of protective measures are presented, such as deterrence, prevention, and physical protection, such as through burial techniques and other methods for protecting subsea cables. By strengthening the security and resilience of subsea cable networks, the EU can enhance preparedness to man-made and natural hazards in order to ensure the continued flow of digital communications and energy.

POHORYLES Daniel; 

2025-04-30

Publications Office of the European Union

JRC142001

978-92-68-26735-6 (online),   

1831-9424 (online),   

EUR 40292,    OP KJ-01-25-231-EN-N (online),   

https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC142001,   

10.2760/0196933 (online),