AI Super-Resolution of Satellite Imagery: The Evidential Paradigm Shift in CAP Monitoring
Technical and Operational Considerations
This report examines AI-based super-resolution (AI-SR) technology within Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) monitoring systems, analysing its paradigm shift in satellite-based evidence. This technology represents a fundamental change, as satellite imagery evolves from direct documentation of physical reality to enhanced representations that may incorporate visually convincing but non-existent features. This transformation creates specific considerations regarding evidential reliability and regulatory compliance. The report proposes a certification framework to ensure compliance with Articles 10(3) and 11 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1173, which stipulate that alternative data sources must offer at least equivalent value for the purpose intended and ensure sufficient assurance on the accuracy of the area declared and on compliance with the relevant obligations. Through examination of technical foundations, performance boundaries, operational impacts, and deployment strategies, this analysis provides Member States' paying agencies with a structured evaluation framework. This guidance aims to facilitate evidence-based decision-making, ensuring that AI-enhanced imagery can be responsibly and reliably integrated into CAP monitoring systems.
PEKEL Jean-François;
KAYITAKIRE Francois;
2025-09-09
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC143067
978-92-68-30328-3 (online),
1831-9424 (online),
EUR 40397,
OP KJ-01-25-392-EN-N (online),
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC143067,
10.2760/3068818 (online),
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