This document is a study performed by the JRC to support an analysis of DG-Competition concerning online payment systems. The report provides a high-level overview of online payments in the EU, including payment cards, mobile wallets, bank transfers, and other methods, as well as an examination of APIs and SDKs used by online payment platforms, such as Samsung Pay, Google Pay, Amazon Pay, Blik, Paypal and Vipps MobilePay. Additionally, it discusses the use of blockchain technology in online payments, including stablecoins, credit/debit cards backed by cryptoassets, and crypto payment gateways. The report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the online payment landscape in the EU, highlighting its various components, technologies, and innovations.
CHRISTARAS Vasileios;
KAROPOULOS Georgios;
KOUNELIS Ioannis;
KRASOVEC Andraz;
NAI FOVINO Igor;
SPIGOLON Roberto;
SPORTIELLO Luigi;
STERI Gary;
TRAPANI Mirko;
2025-08-05
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC143177
978-92-68-30945-2 (online),
1831-9424 (online),
EUR 40407,
OP KJ-01-25-404-EN-N (online),
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC143177,
10.2760/8195462 (online),
