Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented pace, eroding the planet’s natural heritage and destabilizing the ecosystems that sustain societies and economies. Meeting global commitments — from the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to the European Green Deal — demands precise and consistent tracking of biodiversity change from genes to ecosystems. Yet current monitoring is fragmented, uneven and rarely integrated across borders. Here, we present a Roadmap for a unified, transnational biodiversity observation system in Europe built around 84 Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs). The Roadmap combines traditional field surveys, satellite and airborne remote sensing, DNA-based methods, citizen science and emerging in situ sensors within an optimized spatial design to close taxonomic and geographic gaps. Standardized data sharing, coordinated governance and advanced modelling will fuse these streams into policy-ready insights. A proposed European Biodiversity Observation Coordination Centre (EBOCC) would oversee the network, ensuring interoperability, scalability and alignment with policy needs. By delivering a scalable architecture for biodiversity monitoring, this framework will enable rapid detection of ecological change, strengthen conservation actions and safeguard the natural systems that underpin human well-being — offering Europe a path to meet its biodiversity goals and a global template for coordinated, transnational, open and technology-enabled observation.
KISSLING Daniel;
LUMBIERRES Maria;
SOLHEIM Anne Lyche;
LIQUETE Camino;
BREEZE Tom;
BONN Aletta;
MCCALLUM Ian;
MAES Joachim;
HIRSCH Tim;
VAN GRUNSVEN R. H. A.;
BEJA Pedro;
SMETS Bruno;
CAPINHA Cesar;
CEIA-HASSE Ana;
FERNANDEZ Nestor;
SANTANA J.;
MOREIRA F.;
JUNKER Jessi;
LEESE Florian;
HAMMOND Eleanor;
BROTONS Lluis;
MORÁN ORDÓÑEZ Alejandra;
BORMPOUDAKIS Dimitrios;
BRUELHEIDE Helge;
BUCHHORN M;
CALDERON-SANOU Irene;
FERNANDEZ Miguel;
GAMERO Anna;
GOBIN A.;
GUERRERO Irene;
HAASE Peter;
JANDT Ute;
KLVAŇOVÁ Alena;
KÜHN Ingolf;
MAREI VITI Martina;
MEISSNER Kristian;
MILANOVIĆ Marija;
MOE Jannicke;
POTTS Simon G.;
SCHMIDT-KLOIBER Astrid;
VALDEZ J.;
VILLERO D.;
PEREIRA Henrique M.;
2026-05-06
Springer Nature Limited
JRC143533
3005-0677 (online),
https://doi.org/10.1038/s44358-026-00140-6,
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC143533,
10.1038/s44358-026-00140-6 (online),
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