Post-Quantum Cryptography, the Journey so far and the Challenges Ahead
In the wake of rapid advancements in quantum computing, the cryptographic solutions that underpin modern digital systems are increasingly at risk. This report evaluates the impending challenges posed by quantum computers to existing cryptographic mechanisms and explores the advent of post-quantum cryptography as a solution. The core objective is to assess the current landscape of research, standardisation efforts, recommendations and first implementations aimed at introducing quantum-resistant cryptographic methods.
This study reviews global research initiatives, highlighting key trends and innovative cryptographic algorithms developed to counteract quantum threats. The report underscores significant activities in standardisation across various regions, summarises recommendations and migration indications by cybersecurity agencies, analyses the lessons already learnt from past cryptographic transitions that can be useful today and discusses early implementations of post-quantum cryptography.
Looking ahead, this report emphasises the critical role of ongoing research in enhancing theoretical security and practical implementation of the new algorithms, advocating for hybrid cryptographic approaches and cryptosystem agility. This study calls for continued global collaboration in standardisation and for encompassing quantum-resistant algorithms in cybersecurity certification schemes, both of which are fundamental for the technology transfer of post-quantum solutions in the market. All this goes hand in hand with awareness campaigns and preparation of migration plans for the deployment of post-quantum solutions to ensure the resilience of digital communication infrastructures against emerging quantum threats.
CHENU Mathilde;
SPORTIELLO Luigi;
2025-12-12
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC144095
978-92-68-34992-2 (online),
1831-9424 (online),
EUR 40573,
OP KJ-01-25-629-EN-N (online),
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC144095,
10.2760/6569012 (online),
Additional supporting files
| File name | Description | File type | |
|---|
