Risk assessment for the 2026 In-Service Verification (ISV) of CO2 emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles
Risk Assessment ISV 2026 according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2866
Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2019/631 requires the Member State (MS) Granting Type-Approval Au-thorities (GTAA) to verify the CO₂ emission and fuel consumption values of in-service Light-Duty Ve-hicles (LDV). Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2867 establishes the guiding principles and criteria for defining the verification procedures, while Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2866 sets out the detailed procedures to be applied.
Article 3(4) of the Implementing Regulation requires the Commission to develop a methodology for assessing the risk that In-Service Verification (ISV) families may include vehicles with deviations in their CO₂ emission values. It also mandates the publication of an annual report describing this meth-odology and identifying those families with the highest risk. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) has been tasked with performing this risk assessment on behalf of the Commission. The GTAAs must use the Commission’s assessment as the basis for selecting the families to be subject to in-service verification.
This is the third annual report presenting the risk assessment methodology and its main results. The methodology builds on the approach established in the 2024 report and further developed in the 2025 report, applying the concept of the Composite Risk Index (CRI). The CRI combines the probabil-ity and severity of a potential deviation. Probability levels are derived from the total number of new vehicles from each ISV family placed on the Union market. Severity levels are determined using data collected under Article 14 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/392. In addition, results from the Commission’s market surveillance test campaigns, in-service conformity tests pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, and the real-world data defined in Article 2(c) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/392 are included in this year’s assessment.
This report identifies the ISV families with the highest risk of including vehicles with a deviation in CO2 emissions values. Based on the risk assessment, 491 unique interpolation families (correspond-ing to 341 unique ISV families) have been identified. Additionally, some interpolation families report-ed as part of the annual CO2 monitoring for light-duty vehicles could not be found amongst those re-ported to the Commission under Article 14 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/392. As a result, 45 of those missing interpolation families have been selected and included in the list of families with the highest risk for the 2026 In-Service Verification. In addition, for those manufacturers that do not have any ISV family identified using the method described earlier and to ensure that at least one ISV family per manufacturer will be selected, the final list of families includes also 14 interpolation fami-lies based on medium risk or the highest registration volumes.
In total, the 2026 ISV report identifies 550 unique interpolation families. To further support the vehi-cle and test selection for the 2026 In-Service Verification, each of the listed ISV families is marked for specific types of tests based on this risk assessment.
PAVLOVIC Jelica;
KOMNOS Dimitrios;
SUAREZ CORUJO Jaime;
KTISTAKIS Markos;
PASSIER Gerben;
TANSINI Alessandro;
LAVERDE MARIN Andres;
SAPORITI Francesca;
FONTARAS Georgios;
2026-01-27
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC145126
978-92-68-36262-4 (online),
1831-9424 (online),
EUR 40611,
OP KJ-01-26-032-EN-N (online),
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC145126,
10.2760/2376420 (online),
Additional supporting files
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