This work focused on modelling the X‑ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer that is part of the hybrid K‑edge densitometry (HKED) systems operated by the JRC in Karlsruhe and La Hague for nuclear safeguards. The model was created to generate simulated XRF spectra that can support upgrades of the HKED method, which must cope with new challenges such as safeguarding fuel from small modular reactors, analysing novel sample types, improving robustness, and reducing laboratory workload. The simulated spectra reproduced well the main features of the experimental spectra, confirming that the detector model is fundamentally sound. However, limited computer power introduced noticeable noise and blurred peak definition. We tested several variance‑reduction techniques to improve the spectra, but they did not yet achieve the desired improvement. Further computational resources and refined variance‑reduction methods are needed for reducing spectral noise. Nevertheless, simulation proved to be an efficient tool for advancing XRF techniques for analysing unconventional safeguards samples, including those from small modular reactors.
YUSHKEVYCH Tetiana;
ZSIGRAI Jozsef;
2026-04-17
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC145970
978-92-68-38837-2 (online),
1831-9424 (online),
EUR 40672,
OP KJ-01-26-140-EN-N (online),
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC145970,
10.2760/7821358 (online),
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