‣ European Social Fund (ESF) and Youth Employment Initiative (YEI) interventions have effectively improved the employment rates of individuals participating in its programmes.
‣ Using a balancing approach that selects only the most representative impacts from each counterfactual impact evaluation (CIE) covering the 2007–2013 and 2014–2020 programming periods published until December 2025, the balanced overall programme effect on employment probability is 6.5 percentage points (pp).
‣ There are notable differences between different intervention types: the (balanced) effects are highest for employment subsidy programmes (14.6 pp), while the lowest effects are obtained for public employment programmes (–4.8 pp).
SERRANO ALARCON Manuel;
ARAGON ARAGON Maria Jose;
2026-04-22
European Commission
JRC146185
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC146185,
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