This factsheet describes the validated analytical methodologies used for the detection and quantification of viruses/bacteria/fungi in raw wastewater, developed within the framework of the EU Super-Site Sentinel System (EU4S) Network. The use of standardised protocols across Super-Site locations — including transportation hubs, wastewater treatment plants, hospitals, and large-event venues — enables the generation of spatially and temporally comparable surveillance data. Together, this methodology underpin wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) as a sensitive, population-level tool for early outbreak detection, infection trend monitoring, and public health preparedness across the European Union.
PANZARELLA Giulia;
COMERO Sara;
KNOBLOCH Henry;
LOKA Tobias;
DAWID Karolina;
MONTEIRO Silvia;
SANTOS Ricardo;
PIRES Joana;
COSTA Inês;
ALMEIDA Paulo;
CRESPO Rui;
KHAALI Wafa;
MARX Gernot;
PEINE Arne;
GLOWACKA Natalia;
CASADO POBLADOR Tanja;
KLEIN Christophe;
GAWLIK Bernd Manfred;
2026-10-01
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC147500
978-92-68-43894-7 (online),
OP KJ-01-26-412-EN-N (online),
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC147500,
10.2760/3339468 (online),
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Datasets
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