This report proposes a consistent and robust methodology for identifying and comparing university spin-offs across European countries. The conceptual framework relies on observable ownership links, notably equity-based, between universities and spin-offs. The methodology was tested in Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia, countries with diverse legal and organisational contexts. The methodology has proven to compare university spin-off across the European Union irrespective of the national laws for academia to spin-off their ventures. A comparison the three case studies reveal that the number of spinoffs created is lower than expected with regard to the country’s R&D capacity and scientific output, manifesting a considerable untaped potential for innovative startups in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
GŁODEK Paweł;
DADAS Grzegorz;
COMPANO Ramon;
2026-06-25
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC147605
978-92-68-42119-2 (online),
1831-9424 (online),
EUR 40791,
OP KJ-01-26-316-EN-N (online),
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC147605,
10.2760/2126663 (online),
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