Biological Monitoring of Rivers and the European Water Legislation
River quality in Europe has traditionally been determined using physico-chemical
elements and benthic invertebrate fauna (FBA, 2000), often with classification computed by not considering background values for those elements. The classification
requirements introduced by the WFD involve a considerable burden to the rivermanagement authorities that are forced to develop monitoring programs, including
all biological elements/parameters and to establish the appropriate protection/
restoration measures. This chapter provides an overview of the European water legislation relevant to river quality, with emphasis on the Water Framework Directive (WFD).
CARDOSO Ana;
SOLIMINI Angelo;
PREMAZZI Guido;
2006-12-19
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
JRC35553
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC35553,
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