Passive Sampler for Combined Chemical and Toxicological Long-term Monitoring of Groundwater: the Ceramic Toximeter
We present the development of a passive sampling device that combines chemical with biological assessment of water following time-integrating, long-term sampling. The new device, which was designated the Ceramic Toximeter, brings together the simplicity of the Ceramic Dosimeter as a ceramic membrane-based, solid-sorbent sampler and the uniqueness of a recently developed solid-phase, solvent-free bioassay. In this bioassay, Biosilon, i.e., polystyrene polymer beads, is used to present sorbed contaminants to vertebrate cells that adhere to the contaminant-loaded Biosilon and respond. Focusing on Biosilon as sorbent, its ability to accumulate 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was explored. When tested up to 42 days in the laboratory or 1 year in groundwater at a contaminated gasworks site, Biosilon-filled Ceramic Toximeters yielded back-calculated time-weighted average aqueous PAH concentrations that agreed well with concentrations obtained by frequent snapshot sampling. The chosen bioassay response, the induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, was as predicted in the laboratory setting but could only partly be explained by the analyzed PAHs in the field. Based on this first assessment, the Ceramic Toximeter emerges as a resource efficient water monitoring device with a variety of potential future applications.
BOPP Stephanie;
MCLACHLAN Michael;
SCHIRMER Kristin;
2007-11-05
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
JRC37051
0013-936X,
http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/2007/41/i19/abs/es070807s.html,
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC37051,
10.1021/es070807s,
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