Thoughts on Limitations of Animal Models

Animal models represent a fundamental tool in the life sciences. They have advantages and disadvantages compared to other approaches. In few instances they represent the only reasonable approach. However, increasingly modern methods allow reducing, refining and replacing (3R principle) animal experiments, as required wherever possible by European legislation. The article summarises typical limitations of animal models. However, this does not mean that each and every limitation holds true for all animal models and that its alternatives bear less limitations. A serious assessment of the models used is necessary to take conclusions and decisions in an evidence-based manner. Only the thorough assessment of the performance characteristics of any tool used in research allows interpreting results and complementing properly the method employed.

HARTUNG Thomas; 

2008-11-27

ELSEVIER SCI LTD

JRC41085

1353-8020,   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TB9-4SVM15G-4&_user=4900406&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2008&_rdoc=3&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info&_cdi=5137&_sort=d&_doca,    https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC41085,   

10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.04.003,