Since the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) was
adopted in 2008, EU member states must develop activities to
achieve ‘‘good environmental status’’ (GES) in the European marine
environment by the year 2020 (established in the Commission
Decision 2010/477/EU of the 1st of September 2010). As well as
many other tasks such as the conservation of biodiversity and
the fight against oil pollution, the problem of marine litter, particularly
plastics, has been recognized at the European level by a specific
task group. Although monitoring programs of plastic pollution
have long been implemented, and impacts on fish and seabirds
have been reported, for example those induced by swallowing or
entanglement in plastic items or ropes, more research is needed
to support appropriate activities against other negative impacts
of plastics on marine ecosystems.
ZARFL Christiane;
FLEET David;
FRIES Elke;
GALGANI Francois;
GERDTS Gunnar;
HANKE Georg;
MATTHIES Michael;
2011-07-28
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
JRC64848
0025-326X,
www.elsevier.com/locate/marpolbul,
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC64848,
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.02.040,
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