Field calibration of a cluster of low-cost available sensors for air quality monitoring. Part. A: ozone and nitrogen dioxide.

Abstract

The performances of several field calibration methods for low-cost sensors, including linear/multi linear regression and supervised learning techniques are compared. A cluster of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide sensors was operated. The sensors were either of metal oxide or electrochemical type or base on miniaturized infra-red cell. For each method, a two-week calibration was carried out at a semi-rural site against reference measurements. Subsequently, the accuracy of predicted values was evaluated for about three months using a few indicators and techniques: orthogonal regression, target diagram, measurement uncertainty and drifts over time of sensor predictions. The study assessed if the sensors can reach the Data Quality Objective (DQOs) of the European Air Quality Directive for indicative methods (between 25 and 30 % of uncertainty for O3 and NO2). In this study it appears that O3 may be calibrated using simple regression techniques while for NO2 better agreement between sensors and reference measurements was reached using supervised learning techniques. The hourly O3 DQO was met while it is unlikely that NO2 hourly one can be met. This was likely caused by the low NO2 levels correlated with high O3 levels that are typical of semi-rural site as where the measurements of this study took place.