The 3Rs as a framework to support a 21st century approach for nanosafety assessment
Due to the plethora of nanomaterials being manufactured, it is crucial that their effects on human health
are understood. It is not feasible to assess the safety of all nanomaterials using animal-based toxicity
tests. There are also scientific, business, legislative and ethical drivers to reconsider the use of such
toxicity tests. Utilising non-traditional methods has the potential to improve the human relevance of
nanosafety assessment, reduce the numbers of animals that are used, and shift the paradigm to a ‘21st
century’ approach that exploits recent scientific and technological advances. This article considers how
application of the 3Rs principles can be used as a framework to support and guide this paradigm shift in the
short, medium and long-term. Bringing the community together to facilitate the transition is necessary
to ensure that tangible impacts are made on the efficiency and robustness of the nanosafety assessment
process.
BURDEN Natalie;
ASCHBERGER Karin;
CHAUDHRY Qasim;
CLIFT Martin J. D.;
DOAK Shareen H.;
FOWLER Paul;
JOHNSTON Helinor;
LANDSIEDEL Robert;
ROWLAND Joanna;
STONE Vicki;
2017-02-17
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
JRC98878
1748-0132,
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1748013215301079/1-s2.0-S1748013215301079-main.pdf?_tid=75a10424-f2b3-11e6-a4dc-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1487076507_6f6321e144138ff2ceb421b99fd30ea4,
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC98878,
10.1016/j.nantod.2016.06.007,
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