New and previously unimaginable Landsat applications have been fostered by a policy change in 2008 that made
analysis-ready Landsat data free and open access. Since 1972, Landsat has been collecting images of the Earth,
with the early years of the program constrained by onboard satellite and ground systems, as well as limitations
across the range of required computing, networking, and storage capabilities. Rather than robust on-satellite
storage for transmission via high bandwidth downlink to a centralized storage and distribution facility as with
Landsat-8, a network of receiving stations, one operated by the U.S. government, the other operated by a community
of International Cooperators (ICs),were utilized. ICs paid a fee for the right to receive and distribute Landsat
data and over time,more Landsat datawas held outside the archive of the United State Geological Survey (USGS)
than was held inside, much of it unique. Recognizing the critical value of these data, the USGS began a Landsat
Global Archive Consolidation (LGAC) initiative in 2010 to bring these data into a single, universally accessible,
centralized global archive, housed at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls,
South Dakota. The primary LGAC goals are to inventory the data held by ICs, acquire the data, and ingest and
apply standard ground station processing to generate an L1T analysis-ready product. As of January 1, 2015
there were 5,532,454 images in the USGS archive. LGAC has contributed approximately 3.2 million of those images,
more than doubling the original USGS archive holdings. Moreover, an additional 2.3 million images have
been identified to date through the LGAC initiative and are in the process of being added to the archive. The impact
of LGAC is significant and, in terms of images in the collection, analogous to that of having had two additional
Landsat-5missions. As a result of LGAC, there are regions of the globe that nowhave markedly improved Landsat
data coverage, resulting in an enhanced capacity for mapping, monitoring change, and capturing historic conditions.
Although future missions can be planned and implemented, the past cannot be revisited, underscoring the
value and enhanced significance of historical Landsat data and the LGAC initiative. The aimof this paper is to report
the current status of the globalUSGS Landsat archive, document the existing and anticipated contributions of
LGAC to the archive, and characterize the current acquisitions of Landsat-7 and Landsat-8. Landsat-8 is adding
data to the archive at an unprecedented rate as nearly all terrestrial images are now collected. We also offer
key lessons learned so far from the LGAC initiative, plus insights regarding other critical elements of the Landsat
program looking forward, such as acquisition, continuity, temporal revisit, and the importance of continuing to
operationalize the Landsat program.
WULDER Michael;
WHITE Joanne;
LOVELAND Tom;
WOODCOCK Curtis E.;
BELWARD Alan;
COHEN W.;
FOSNIGHT Eugene;
SHAW Jerad;
JEFFREY Masek;
ROY David;
2016-01-12
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
JRC99694
0034-4257,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425715302194,
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC99694,
10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.032,
