The objective of this report is to provide recommendations for long-term supply security of nickel suitable for nickel sulphate production and subsequent use in electric vehicle batteries. Eight Roskill nickel market, lithium-ion battery supply-chain and automotive sector experts analysed the European Union’s i) ability to source and captively provide its own nickel units internally, and ii) strategic approach to establishing a nickel circular economy for EV batteries. Roskill provides a detailed outlook for nickel across a twenty-year forecast horizon to 2040. Firstly, at a global level, and second by placing the EU within the global context, though primarily focussing on automotive sector nickel demand. The following study areas were covered:
• Forecast Class I (and suitable intermediate product) supply/demand balances
• Identify what bottlenecks exist in the nickel supply chain
• Identify potential risks to Europe’s access/ability to secure long-term supply
• Determine “best course of action” strategies for supply risk mitigation and the criticality of circular economy establishment
• Provide potential avenues for policy direction derived from the study findings
FRASER Jake;
ANDERSON Jack;
LAZUEN Jose;
LU Ying;
HEATHMAN Oliver;
BREWSTER Neal;
BEDDER Jack;
MASSON Oliver;
2021-02-02
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC123439
978-92-76-29139-8 (online),
OP KJ-01-21-023-EN-N (online),
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC123439,
10.2760/212807 (online),
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