In this report, the JRC provides technical suggestions for calculation and verification rules for the targets set in Article 71 of the (EU) 2023/1542 on recycling efficiency and recovery of materials from PbA, Li-based, NiCd and other waste batteries.
The work starts from a review of the previous calculation rules in the (EU) 493/2012 and from a literature study. In the meantime, a model is developed using literature data (patents, review and research articles) and data and evidence from companies as available. Dialogue with stakeholders (through bilateral meetings, workshops, visits to plants for analysis of industrial practices) is also a key element of the JRC methodology.
The suggested rules shall be homogenous among Member States and per waste battery type, in continuity with previous rules, future-proof, agnostic per waste battery chemistry and per treatment technology.
Rationale to the suggested rules is given in Section 3, particularly justifying the exceptions to the characteristics of homogeneity, in continuity, future-proof, agnosticism (e.g. with specific suggestions on slag or black mass) or clarifying some crucial decisions (e. g., on oxygen and carbon in the calculations).
Conclusions enclose recommendations from the suggested calculation and verification rules and, hence, such report may be considered a good tool in support of the preparation of the delegated acts of the Article 71 of the (EU) 2023/1542.
OREFICE Martina;
MANNI Fabio Massimo;
PIERRI Erika;
BOBBA Silvia;
GAUDILLAT Pierre;
VACCARI Marco;
MATHIEUX Fabrice;
2024-12-10
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC137139
978-92-68-21619-4 (online),
978-92-68-21620-0 (print),
1831-9424 (online),
1018-5593 (print),
EUR 40099,
EUR 40099 (print),
OP KJ-01-24-122-EN-N (online),
OP KJ-01-24-122-EN-C (print),
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC137139,
10.2760/9781567 (online),
10.2760/9393862 (print),
