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Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets

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This report investigates the current status and trend of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO), except hydrogen, which are needed to cover part of the EU’s demand renewable fuels in the coming years. Most of the conversion technologies investigated here have been already tested at demonstration scale thanks to the financial support of EU-funded projects, and the current EU legislative framework under the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (EU) 2018/2001 already set specific targets and delegated acts for their use. As first priority, solid hydrogen supply chains are needed, together with carbon capture technologies aimed to build Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) systems. Fuels that may be produced starting from H2 and CO2 or N2 are hydrocarbons, alcohols and ammonia. The use of RFNBO is crucial in the transition towards full decarbonisation on account of their ability to be used in the existing fuel infrastructures. As a result, a large number of funding programmes are available today. Moreover, EU leads the sector in terms of patents, companies and demonstration activities. As well as describing the current overall situation, this report identifies the major challenges and the opportunities for a rapid market uptake of such fuels.
2022-11-15
Publications Office of the European Union
JRC130729
978-92-76-58826-9 (online),   
1831-9424 (online),   
EUR 31292 EN,    OP KJ-NA-31-292-EN-N (online),   
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130729,   
10.2760/76717 (online),   
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